Women in Distress in Literature free essay sample

An examination of two ladies in trouble in Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar and Elizabeth Smarts By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept. This paper dissects Esther Greenwoods By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept and Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar. Specifically, the paper inspects the two ladies in the accounts and their issues in the public eye. One may ponder, the paper proposes, how much individuals are answerable for their own joy throughout everyday life. On account of Esther Greenwood and the lady from By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept, the paper demonstrates, the various conditions encompassing their trouble assume a vital job in deciding their passionate results. She feels that Doreen taints her and rejects her as a companion, AI concluded I would watch her and tune in to what she stated, yet where it counts I would have nothing to do with her. We will compose a custom article test on Ladies in Distress in Literature or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Where it counts, I would be faithful to Betsy and her guiltless companions. It was Betsy I taken after on a fundamental level.

OBJECTIVE data collection of a patient who has Peripheral Vascular Coursework

Target information assortment of a patient who has Peripheral Vascular Disease - Coursework Example Along these lines, this demonstrates she is at a higher danger of getting a fringe vascular related sickness. Her condition of wellbeing was well until 9pm the night she answered to the emergency clinic. She portrays that her torment started on her lower leg when she was moving her furniture in her parlor. She took some torment executioners yet when the agony further continued, her significant other chose to acquire her for a registration. She precluded any structure from securing discombobulation, queasiness, retching and diaphoresis. On her physical assessment, her appearance is that of a marginally thin white lady lying on the bed with a sign of serious torment in her toes.She is whining of havingvery extreme leg cramps. In light of the suspicions of the manifestations showed by the patient, analytic strategies for fringe vascular infections are completed. An angiogram is directed on the veins and corridors so as to recognize any type of blockage of the vessels. The Doppler strategy is likewise led in order to gauge the entrance of the progression of blood. The last test directed is that of the treadmill practice where by the patient is required to stroll on the treadmill so as to screen her heartbeat rate (Weber, Kelly and Sprengle, 2014). On examination of the chest and lungs there means that bibasilar rales. The stomach moves marginally well during breath, percussion there are indications of bluntness and no rhonchi, rubs and wheezes. The x-beam produced likewise shows the results of the tobacco utilize that the patient is breathing in into her framework as bluntness is found in the chest area. On assessment of the heart and neck vessel, the cardiovascular assessment shows that there are no hives or excites. The musicality is standard with an additional heartbeat. The ordinary s1/s2 is barely part. There is a positive s4 run. 2/4 systolic infusion mumble is being heard at the left sternal outskirt with no radiation. The beats can be noted for the sharp carotid upstrokes. The aspiratory vessel in

College Essay Samples and Free Writing Tips

College Essay Samples and Free Writing TipsThere are many different types of writing assignments you can do in college. Each assignment is a separate assignment, and you have to complete that particular assignment according to the instructions stated on it. Students are always curious about what the papers look like once they are finished and asked to submit them for grading.Assignment examples and proofreading services are two great ways to get sample essays and how they are read. These writers provide proofreading, editing, and format for your assignment, and they can write a sample essay for you free of charge.Assignments are supposed to be fun for the student. Not every assignment should be critical and should be written in a simple manner. If you write an essay for college, you should consider your assignment to be fun as well. Assignments that make you think harder are much more likely to be retained.Professional grade essay samples are a valuable tool for students. These essay s will help you with your assignment. The college course syllabus will usually have information on what is not acceptable for each grade. Using these samples will improve your grade and give you an idea of how the teacher grades the assignment.It is important to note that the grade point average also has some correlation to GPA. For instance, if you have a 30-point average and you did poorly on an assignment, your grade is going to be lower than someone who has a higher grade point average. Therefore, using grade point averages for class comparisons is an excellent way to judge a student's performance. There are a number of online resources that provide grade point averages and trends, and there are many free books that can be downloaded from the internet.College essay samples are also available on the internet. You can download them at no cost. College writing samples can be found at numerous sites, including my college essay samples. These sites offer free writing resources and al so teach students how to write an essay.In addition to the essay samples, these websites also offer tips for writing a paper and how to use them to your advantage. They give advice on what to avoid and how to be successful. Some of the websites also contain free videos on various topics that can be used by the students.Students should take advantage of all resources available to help them prepare for their own essays. It is a good idea to obtain college writing samples and free essay tips to make sure that you are writing an essay that is going to be professional and get you a good grade.

Twelfth Night Essays Three Types of Love - 930 Words

Three Types of Love in Twelfth Night In the play Twelfth Night, Shakespeare explores and illustrates the emotion of love with precise detail. According to Websters New World Dictionary, love is defined as a strong affection or liking for someone. Throughout the play Shakespeare examines three different types of love: true love, self love and friendship. Twelfth Night consists of a large number of love triangles, however many of the characters who are tangled up in the web of love are blind to see that their emotions and feelings toward other characters are untrue and based merely on falsification. They are being deceived by themselves and/or the others around them. There are certain instances in the play where the†¦show more content†¦Viola was now caught in a terrible situation and there was only one way out, but that would jeopardize her chances with Orsino. Its amazing that Olivia could fall for a woman dressed as a man, but because Viola knew what women like to hear, her words won Olivias heart. The next case of true love is on a less intimate and romantic scale, and more family oriented. Viola and Sebastians love for one another is a bond felt by the majority of siblings. Through their times of sorrow and mourning for each of their apparent deaths they still loved each other. They believed deep down that maybe someway or by some miracle that each of them was still alive and well. Many people, even in todays society, love themselves more then anything else or in other words lead a rather egocentric existence. Twelfth Night addresses the issue of self love and how it affects people’s lives. Malvolio is the easiest to identify with the problem of self love. He sees himself as a handsome and noble man, even if others do not share this opinion. Malvolio believes many women would love to be with him. He likes to see things one way only, and he deceives himself just to suit his outlook on the situation. One particular example in the play is when he manipulates Olivias words to make it seem as if she admires his yellow cross-gartered stockings, when she really despises them. Both Sir Toby and Olivia show signs of selfShow MoreRelated A Comparison of Romantic Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night1505 Words   |  7 PagesRomantic Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night In all of Shakespeares plays, there is a definitive style present, a style he perfected. From his very first play (The Comedy of Errors) to his very last (The Tempest), he uses unique symbolism and descriptive poetry to express and explain the actions and events he writes about. Twelfth Night, The Tempest and A Midsummer Nights Dream are all tragicomedies that epitomise the best use of the themes and ideologyRead More The Theme of Love in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pages The Theme of Love in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Twelfth Night, Shakespeare focuses strongly on the theme of love; romantic love, friendship, brotherly and sisterly love, unrealistic love and self-love. In this essay I am going to explore these aspects and write about the different sides of love in the play, such as humour and suffering. We find that in Twelfth Night love is a very complicated thing and confusion often occurs. At the beginning of the playRead More Comparing the Love of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and the Bible4838 Words   |  20 Pagesuniversal meaning as love. It is an integral part of the human condition. Love is the basis for by which all other emotions can be gauged. Friendship and even grief are steeped in love. Love is so central to our lives that it is fitting and proper that it should be the topic of so much discussion. Every culture and every writer has some commentary or evaluation of love. The New Testament has its share of love commentary. The entire basis of the Christian tradition is Gods love for humanity. God soRead MoreMy First Year Of College1669 Words   |  7 PagesThis means you yourself aren’t exactly a priority or concern of a university of such large scales. At least that is how I felt after the failure of my second semester of college. THESIS STATEMENT HERE PLEASE It was the first week in February at about three o’clock in the morning when the first wave of pain and agony hit. I jumped down from my fully lofted dorm bed and sprinted into the bathroom emptying my stomach into my shared toilet thankful that my suitemate barely stayed in our hall during the weekRead MoreInferno And The Divine Comedy1834 Words   |  8 Pagesdraws on medieval theology to share the modern view on God and the afterlife. This essay explores Dante’s perception of the universe and man’s place in it. Throughout Inferno, Dante provides a unique perspective on his view of sin and justice—these views a direct result of Dante’s own beliefs and the current political situation in Florence. A major theme that Inferno underscores is that God represents justice and love. His justice can be seen in Hell as the magnitude of each sin corresponds to theRead More The Roaring Girl Essay3978 Words   |  16 PagesRoaring Girl Though its primary function is usually plot driven--as a source of humor and a means to effect changes in characters through disguise and deception—cross dressing is also a sociological motif involving gendered play. My earlier essay on the use of the motif in Shakespeares plays pointed out that cross dressing has been discussed as a symptom of a radical discontinuity in the meaning of the family (Belsey 178), as cul-tural anxiety over the destabilization of the social hierarchyRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pagesin the lives and careers of the two writers are remarkably striking. Both were born in provincial small towns but found their eventual success in metropolitan cities, Shakespeare in London and Faulkner in New York and Hollywood. Both had a great love of nature and the rural outdoors. Neither received a great deal of formal education. Both started out as poets but shortly turned to other narrative forms, Faulkner to fiction and Shakespeare to drama. Both had extramarital affairs that were reflectedRead MoreKautilyas Theory10704 Words   |  43 PagesWrite an essay on Kautilyas theory of state? Abstract:  Kautilya was the key adviser to the Indian king Chandragupta Maurya (c. 317-293 B.C.E.), who first united the Indian subcontinent in empire. Written about 300 B.C.E., KautilyasArthasastra  was a science of politics intended to teach a wise king how to govern. In this work,  Kautilya offers wide-ranging and truly fascinating discussions on war and diplomacy, including his wish to have his king become a world conqueror, his analysis of which kingdomsRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagessuspect by interlarding them with theoretical passages, or to make certain doctrines seem less strange by administering them in small doses, or to demonstrate the equal validity of the magical and philosophical material, or for a combination of all three reasons. At all events, a similar method of presentation is apparent in one of the principal sources of The Aim of the Sage, the encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Ihwà ¢n al-Safà ¢). What follows is a surve y of the whole, with a sketch of the sourcesRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesrange of social changes that would begin to pave the way for a genuine literature for children. Perhaps the most significant development was the invention of the movable-type printing press that made it possible to print books in quantities, increasing literacy and dissemination of knowledge. The crusades of the eleventh and twelfth centuries opened trade routes and introduced new texts into Europe which in turn furthered knowledge and literacy. In addition, the development of the â€Å"New World† created

Essay on Business Ethics

Business persons perceive ethics as a means of avoiding those actions that will make the business conflict with the law. An individual should then not break the law in one’s work-related activity. This means avoiding those practices that are likely to attract civil law suits against the organization one is working for. Ethical conduct to them may also mean that the employees should also avoid those practices that are likely to bring bad corporate image for the company. Ethics goes beyond this formal understanding of the subject. The issue of right and wrong has been with us for long, religion and culture has tried to address it (Anscombe 1). Ethics are important, not just in business but in personal life as well (Kelly 160). When ethics in business is fairly new, ethics in personal life has always been there and has to a great degree taken religious dimension. The ethic of reciprocity is the ultimate maxim in moral or ethical conduct. Personal ethics determines work place ethics. Personally, I have made my commitment or ethics, but making a commitment to ethics is not enough to make one ethical. To be ethical requires a systemic approach in the never ending goal of being ethical. The ethical issues in my life confront me every time I am making a decision. The question has now always been that because I have made my commitment to be ethical, is the decision that I have made, or I am about to make in line with my commitment? In Islam, law and ethics are embedded in the worshiper’s obligation to God and therefore both law and ethics are not required (Solomon 65). For a Muslim, ethics as we know it may take a back sta ge. However, ethics has now moved from the periphery and taken a central part in my everyday life. There has been a ranging debate on to whether ethics are emotions or thoughts. It is true that the debate is intellectual, but there is no denying that there are some elements of both. I have found that in any ethical situation, I act first and then think later. But when confronted by a new ethical situation I sometimes think before acting. As I have already discussed, being ethical requires a high degree of self awareness and undivided commitment. I find myself every day reviewing my actions to determine whether I have been ethical. I have learned that ethics is never about self. It is about the welfare of the other. Most misunderstanding in the business and work place are brought about by centering on self and not reaching out to others. Being ethical ensures everyone’s success because of the harmony that obtains. But because being unethical can be much easier, it is sometimes more advantageous to be unethical than being ethical. The Cohort 8 story is developing from a personal encounter with ethical questions and then moves on to religious understanding of ethics and then examines how religious beliefs impacts on our personal ethics. The choice of being ethical is important because we can influence others by our conduct. A business that is ethical in all its dealings will tend to make its partners to be ethical also. As I continue with my commitment to be ethical, people note and tend to treat me nearly the same as I treat them. I feel that ethics should go beyond the obligations of the law to the vey private spheres of our lives. Unfortunately not many people can buy that and this idea is not well received in most parts of the world that do not have strong cultural and religion back ground (Blackburn 48). Ethics should not be based on humanistic philosophies only but both on law and personal principles. Works Cited Anscombe, Gray. â€Å"Modern Moral philosophy.† Philosophy, 33 (1958): 1-19 Blackburn, Sam. Being good: A short introduction to ethics. Oxford: Oxford University press,2001 Kelly, Eugene. The basics of Western philosophy. Greenwood press, 2006 Solomon, Richard. Morality and Good life: An introduction to Ethics through Classical Sources, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984

Examining Themes in Heart of Darkness Essay - 844 Words

Joseph Conrad wrote the book, Heart of Darkness, in 1898. He wrote this book touching on many different themes such as imperialism and commerce, darkness imagery, dream and nightmare, isolation, mental and physical illness, truth, and journey. Although all the themes are important to make Heart of Darkness complete, three prevail overall: imperialism and commerce, truth, and journey. Being the author of the book, Joseph Conrad had a personal connection to it. He took his own journey down the Congo River and like Marlow, said that as a child his dreams were to grow up and explore the heart of Africa. A family member also recommended Conrad to a company. Joseph Conrad experienced the heart of darkness, that could be a reason why his book†¦show more content†¦The company was corrupt, and with its power and control over the natives, operated entirely for the sole purpose of obtaining ivory. Marlow told of a time when the civilized world was discovering the untamed British Isles, and in comparison of how the British are now discovering the unexplored areas of the world. Thinking from the point of view of a commander, Marlow explains the feelings of trying to conquer and over power swinish land. In some inland post feel savagery, the utter savagery, had closed round him, - all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in the forest, in the jungles, in the hearts of wild men. There is no initiation either into such mysteries. He has to live in the midst of the incomprehensible, which is also detestable. And it has a fascination, too, which goes to work upon him. The fascination of the abomination-you know, imagine the growing regrets, the longing to escape, the powerless disgust, the surrender, the hate. Part 1, page 31 All through Marlows journey he encounters many accounts of torture, cruelty, and slavery mainly pertaining to the natives. It is no accident that the narrator introduced the reader to Marlow while on a journey. The story Marlow unravels also takes place on a journey. Marlows apparent journey takes him from his childhood, as a boy dreaming of filling empty spaces on maps, to the middle of Africa. An intimate possession to understand the secrets of the unknown pushes him downShow MoreRelated The Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Very often in literature minor characters appear for only a short time in the story but carry a very heavy significance in the overall meaning of the book. Kurtz’s Intended, in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, is this kind of character. The unnamed woman only appears for a brief period at the end of the novel, but Conrad includes her for three very crucial reasons. He has Kurtz’s fiancà ©e appear to provide a justification forRead MoreThe Journey In â€Å"Heart Of Darkness† Spans Not Only The Capricious1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe journey in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† spans not only the capricious waters extending our physical world, but also the perplexing ocean which exists in the heart of man. Through Marlow s somewhat overenthusiastic eyes, we perceive the mystery that is humanity, and the blurred line between darkness and light. It is an expedition into the deepest crevices of the human heart and mind bringing on an awareness, and finally de scending into the abyss of hell abiding in each of us. Conrad’s use of wordplayRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Heart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now1353 Words   |  6 Pageslearned that it was sort of based on Joseph Conrads famous novella, Heart of Darkness. Conrads book, the tale of the sailor Marlowes African adventure, is a study on the evils of colonialism. The two stories at first glance do not seem very similar, but after examining both, it is quite shocking the degree of similarity between the two. Many people have been able to draw comparisons to Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness and Francis Ford Coppolas film Apocalypse Now, but the two are by noRead More Colonization and Wealth in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1627 Words   |  7 PagesConrads Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart The novels Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe share a common theme; both deal with the colonization of Africa by settlers from Europe. When one examines the motives for this imperialist attitude in each book, one notices that in both books the motivation for colonization revolves around the gaining of wealth. However Conrad and Achebe define wealth differently. In Heart of Darkness the EuropeansRead More Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India1683 Words   |  7 Pages It is best to analyze the works, Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India, applying the historical and cultural conditions of the society in which they were produced. The relations between groups and classes of people that imperialism sets up, and that these two works explore, starkly reveals the contradictions within capitalism in a way that a similar piece of fiction set within one culture and dealing with characters from that culture alone cannot. Prior to the analysis however, I would likeRead More Marx’s Communist Manifesto and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesMarx’s Communist Manifesto and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness  Ã‚     Ã‚   From social relationships to political power structures, all aspects of society were changed by the technology innovations of the industrial revolution. Manufacturing goods on a mass scale led to the development of an entirely new worker who’s success now depended on his ability to operate machines rather than his talent as a craftsman. The steam engine revolutionized modes of transportation: trains and railroads were implementedRead MoreScientific Progression in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and the Film, Blade Runner1184 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is an early 19th century cautionary tale examining the dark, self-destructive side of human reality and human soul. It is written in the Romantic era where society greatly valued scientific and technological advancement. Throughout the novel, Shelley expresses her concerns of extreme danger when man transgresses science and all ethical values are disregarded. The implications of deb atable experimentation and thriving ambition could evoke on humanity are explored in theRead MoreThe Road, By Cormac Mccarthy1609 Words   |  7 Pagesplace to live after the catastrophic event. The son is the only reason for the father to survive in the post-apocalyptic world. Although there are many themes in this novel, one theme that has great influence in the novel is the theme of paternal love. This paper will present the scenes that focus on the theme of the paternal love. While examining these scenes, the reader will see the unconditional love of a father for his son. The reader will see how the father’s love for his son drives him to surviveRead MorePaternal Love In Cormac Mccarthys The Road1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme Analysis Essay on The Road: Paternal Love In order for a child to live in a complete and happy family, the paternal love plays a major role in a child’s life, especially the love of a father which is as much important as a mother’s love. Moreover, a father’s love is one of the greatest influences on the child’s personality development throughout his/her life. A father’s love brings a sense of protection of security in a child. In the novel The Road, Cormac McCarthy present the great exampleRead MoreTheme Of The Tornado Child1090 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Wickedness†: Examining the Theme of Darkness in Kwame Dawes â€Å"The Tornado Child†, Gwendolyn Brooks â€Å"We Real Cool,† and Ai â€Å"The Kid† American author and poet, Kwame Dawes, in his poem Tornado Child (which was written during the Harlem Renaissance for Rosalie Richardson) writes about the life of an African-American woman (Richardson) who often had to deal with racism and oppression. Gwendolyn Brooks, American writer and poet, wrote the poem â€Å"We Real Cool† (during the 1960’s assassination of the

Examine the Implications for the Organization of an Ageing Workforce in Australia free essay sample

Introduction Over the past decades, Australia, as a whole, has been facing the challenges of aging workforce which present difficulties not only for small business but also large enterprise. Proven by many researchers, niche capabilities and potential development of any organization are largely dependent on its employees. Geok, Pok and Noi [2002 pp9] claim that â€Å"the impact of graying population on country’s social and welfare systems, infrastructures as well as economic growth is substantial, several developed nations have been promoted and adopted social policies to address this specific issue†. Many business cases studies regard mature workers at the age of 45 and over are as ageing workforces who are believed to introduce difficulties in business planning and strategies to retain and sustain the balance in workforce within an organization. At the same time, it cannot be denied that the present of older generation within an organization is absolutely essential in term of providing necessary knowledge and working experiences to the younger generation worker. Therefore, it is important for organizations to examine the implications of Australian ageing workforce in order to achieve its targets and development. This paper will discuss the demographics of Australian population and workforce. Benefit of mature workforce within an organization will also be addressed. The consequences of ageing workforce will in turn be examined by in term of Human Resource management as well as cost and productivity level of the company. Finally, this study attempts to indicate certain management measures to maximize the productivity of ageing workforce. The demographics of Australian population and workforce Firstly, it is essential to examine the Australian population as ageing within population will most likely lead to the ageing in the workforce. It can be indentified that the current ageing population within Australia is primarily due to the rapid decreasing in the birth ratio. The fundamental reason behind such decreasing ratio is due the post World War II â€Å"baby boomer† generations that is entering to the age of retirement in the next ten years. In the mean time, birth rate is considerably lower within Australia. The proportion of people aged 65 years and over in Australia has witnessed an increase of 12. 9% between June 2004 and June 2009 [Australia Bureau of Statistics 2009 cat. no. 3235. 0]. In addition, there is an increase in the average life expectancy as a result of the improvements in health and advances in medical service. This emphasizes that there is currently a larger number of older people than ever before and according to Productivity Commission 2005, this trend will continue for several decades. Furthermore, the current generations tend to marry in a later age and have fewer children than previous generation. According to Australia Bureau of Statistics [cat. no. 3306. 0. 55. 001], the median age of males getting married in 2007 was at the age of 31. 6 and that of females was 29. 3. Both males and females median age at marriage has been increasing gradually over the past 20 years. Moreover, in recent decades, there has been tendency for women to delay childbearing until forties, not to mentioned some remained childless [Australia Institute of Health and Welfare cat. o. PER 50]. These have resulted in a rather low supply of young employees while older employees are retiring and leaving the workforce. Figure 1: Average age of full time workers and civilian population ages 15-64 years Source: Parliamentary Library Over the past two decades, workforce has been ageing faster than the general population. The chart indicates that the average age of the civilian population in 2004 is 2. 2 years greater than it was in 1994, rising from 36. 6 to 38. 8 years. On the other hand, an increase in the average of all full-time workers of 3. years, from 35. 9 to 39. 4 can be observed in figure 1. The workforce ageing faster than population is because of the participation of baby boomer women later in life. As a result of social reason such as financial pressure, there is an increase in the number of women in the labor market. The average age of full-time female worker has risen by 5. 6 to 38. 5 years [Parliament of Australia]. Women have been moving to part-time jobs that have more advantages for them than previous decades. Another factor which impacts on the ageing workforce is hat there is currently a trend for mature aged worker to keep working past their retirement age as they still possess the physical capability to make a significant contribution to the economic growth of Australia. Essentially, with the advancement in medical system, people are able to have better health care and in turn live longer life. Consequently, the working period of aging workers can be much longer as their ability and flexibility is still sufficient for the allocated tasks. This in turn affects the decision to retire as it is directly related to required physical capability. Current government’s policies and incentives reflected that the retirement decision, nowadays, depends not only on the organizations but also on individual. Benefits of a mature workforce Current status of ageing population is a controversial topic in society. This requires companies to pay more attention to older personnel resources. Majority of older employees believe that they are still at the peak of their job performance. Organizations with its main employees are matured workers; therefore, need to consider the benefit of its older generation staff in order to look for appropriate measures to attract and retain older workforce. Firstly, flexibility, maturity and patience are one of the most important benefits of the ageing workforce. With the older employee’s experiences, better quality work will be ensured which allow business to reduce a significant amount of production cost. In addition, older employees can help company maintain a stable workforce, reliability, and dedication to work. Secondly, the older generation workers have higher working morality in punctuality as well as ensuring the completion of assigned tasks. Moreover, honesty is the common characteristics of older workers. They understand the value of life, the causes and effects of working and social relationships as well as responsibility. As a result, older generation workers will always come to ensure the integrity of their action by dedicating it to the truth. Furthermore, the intangible value of older workers is meticulous, thorough, focused and attentive which can help companies to deliver a higher quality work package and in turn gaining better niche reputation in the market. Additionally, older workers are also valuable resources within a company as they have the ability to listen and understand the objective of a given task. Therefore, when they are allocated a duty, with certain working experiences, the mature workers know what needs to be done within the entire process to finish their job. They are likely to be more efficient and productive. Next, older employees tend to have more pride within their completed tasks in term of quality which can be difficult to find in younger employees. The younger employees are not attentive with the assigned work which can be completed without any further consideration on quality and improvement of their work. Comparatively, older employees will more likely to spend more time to measure and improve the quality of their given tasks. Older employees understand that working for a company that has meaningful life rather than getting a monthly wage. They are more likely to spend more time, while receive similar wages to complete their assigned tasks as well as fulfilling their goal in life Besides, performance and trust, mutual sharing ideas and advice have made older workers become more ideal. These years of experience working in various fields had given the employees a great insight on how to have the work done more efficiently, saving more time and money for the company [NSW Business Chamber]. Compared to younger workers, older workers with broader experience have greater ability to solve certain problems such as communication or technical errors that might arise during the completion of their task. With their good organizational, planning skills as well as competencies that are built over the years, the mature aged workers have the ability to face and troubleshoot errors without seeking advice from colleagues and high management. Moreover, through experience, older generation workforces also possess better communication skill to negotiate and persuade partners in order to achieve the objectives. These skills allow them to be flexible in a difficult situation. The better working practice and morality characterized older employees as essential resources which can lead to positive influence on other younger employees. Consequently, they can become excellent teachers, the typical example, helping to train other staff to be more reliable and efficient [NSW Business Chamber]. In general, business owner should no longer wonder on whether or not to recruit older workers and should recognize benefits of ageing workforce. The competencies and reliability of older workers ensure that their recruitment become truly more productive and efficient than hiring a younger labor force. With the buildup experience as well as the ability to think thoroughly, older employees should be considered for further business recruitment. A report from Queensland Government states that â€Å"Studies of older people in the workforce have also found that they are flexible in their working hours and conditions, and have good coping skills when faced with changes†. Companies who value to the reliability, competencies and working morality within their employees should consciously consider hiring mature workforce. Their contribution and performance can have positive impact on the company’s turnover and profit for years. Consequences of an aging workforce The aging workforce in Australia has caused certain economic and social concerns such as labor shortage when personnel resources reach retirement stage, difficulty in planning [Shacklock 2005] and aged care workforce issue [Spoehn 2008] and [Kryger 2005]. To begin with, the proportion of ageing population in Australia is increasing, in fact, people aged 65 years is predicted to take 25% of total population in 2045 [Spoehn 2008]. This may lead to labor crisis which is forecasted with a shortage of 1. 4 million skill workers in various industries within Australia [Hannah 2009]. In general, the labor shortage affects not only entrepreneurs but also the government. The shortage is mostly on scientific and technical fields which requires high level of knowledge as well as the necessary skilled and experience. According to [Hudson 2004], within 12 years from 1982 to 2000, the requirement of post-secondary increased more than 50%. Meanwhile, the Hudson study [2004] also showed that nearly 60% of Australian at the age of 17 studying year 12 did not go on to tertiary education in 2001. This information presents a long term a problem for Australian’s scientific and technical industry as it will not be having enough talent pool for further research and development. Essentially, this would lead to the degradation in Australia’s academy system, technical advancement and future development. To the government, high rate of retirement is possibly synonymous with social concern as well as welfare problems. In 2004, the Australian Federal Treasurer – Peter Costello called people to keep working longer since the national budget was suffered rising demand by high aging population [Eric 2005]. Moreover, in the term of human resource, companies are also facing difficulties in personnel planning when choosing the suitable candidates for any specific tasks. For companies to succeed in their respective market human resource planning plays a significant role in term of delegating tasks effectively and efficiently. According to various study, the longer the period of time an aging personnel works, the more difficult it is for human resource department to come up with a scheme to manage and sustain the workforce balance within a company. To clarify the aforementioned point, it is rather ambiguous for either human resource or management to predict the exact retirement day for an aging worker. If retirement day for aging worker is not clearly defined, human resource department may not be able to recruit the appropriate replacement in time to continue the delay works. This delay works would in turn introduce costs in every aspect of the company as productivity level is reduced and it takes time and effort to find and train suitable candidate for the vacancy. [Patrickson and Ranjin 2008]. Therefore, high level of collaboration as well as management had to be performed in order to produce an appropriate future personnel panning. It takes time and effort to find and test if one person is suitable for the vacancy in company or not. In term of salary and cost, due to the experience and responsibility senior employees possess, the company, by nature, will have to assign a relatively high portion of its turnover as salary for older generation worker [Hudson 2004]. Furthermore, aged care workforce issue is one other large amount of cost that Australian government has to solve. Generally, there is currently an imbalance of gender and age in workforce, the lack of health care staff as well as the variety of health care package amongst industries. High number of woman and old people in workforce may lead to increase of cost budget raised from maternity care, incident care, and retirement pension. As a result, companies and government had to allocate large sum of money for ageing workers. According to Spoehn [2008], community aged care rose 6 times from 1995 to 2003 and from 2001 to 2006 and this led to the aged care package went up to 48%. As mentioned above, having older eneration worker would introduce certain benefits into the company’s profile, however, with the rapid developing rate of technology, it was studied that the old worker may find it difficult to accept and adapt to new changes [Patrickson and Ranjin 2008]. For instance, various survey has been done and shown that worker in the age of 65 and over normally assume that new technology is ha rd to deal with. On the other hand, it seems rather easier for younger employee to accept changes and quickly adapt with the new technology in order to complete their tasks at a higher productivity level. Thus, having to train the older workers with new set of skills and technology will result in a large amount of cost as well as time which might be utilized for other aspect of the company. In fact, Patrickson and Ranjin [2008] concluded, human’s ability and flexibility weakens as they age, especially when they reach seventy. However, with the extensive working experience in the industry, it was shown by many research authors, working procedures and strategies resulting from ageing worker increase the effectiveness of the work when compared to the younger generation worker’s [Hudson 2004]. Managing an ageing workforce As a result of a continuing ageing workforce in Australia, it is necessary that all the involved parties such as the government, the trade union and firms implement different policies in order to maximize the benefits of an ageing workforce and reduce the negative aspects. The Australian government and the labor union could essentially cooperate to support mature aged workers. According to Patrickson and Ranzjin (2005), the government has enforced a policy that allows workers to receive higher pension welfare if they continue to work at the age of 65 and over. This incentive is done to encourage older employees to devote their experience to the economic growth for a longer period of time. Moreover, in 2005, the Queensland government has implemented the â€Å"recreation leave on half-pay† policy [Price and Colley 2007 p11]. Essentially, the working age of labor force can be lengthening by the extension of leave which provide the social balance for mature aged workers. Price and Colley [2007] also suggested that the Queensland public services have been supporting older workers to have a social balance between life and work by providing flexibility in the workplace location such as working at home. Apart from the direct assistance for workers, the government’s policies also aim to help employers. These legislations consist of statements revolving around the advantages of employing older workers such as the public acknowledgment for firm’s marketing plan [Patrickson and Ranzjin 2005]. In addition, the labor union has also assisted the government to enforce appropriate policies to an ageing workforce. An example of this is Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU)’s campaign to mobilize proper working hours. ACTU’s campaign has leaded the Queensland government to negotiate with enterprises and develop the workload management methods in order to monitor the employees’ issues [Price and Colley 2007]. Managing mature aged workforce is rather difficult for organizations and firms. It was indicated that managers must confront the conflict between the special values of older workers and the requirement sustaining the efficiency and productive capacity [Patrickson and Ranzjin 2005]. However, as it was mentioned above, mature aged workers can benefit firms with their experience while young workers might be dynamic with technology and innovation but tend to lack working experience. Therefore, manager should maintain an ageing diversity workforce. Moreover, firms and organizations should also encourage older workers continue to devote their working ability for longer period of time so that the experience of ageing employees can be best valued. There are four main human resource management strategies that managers can follow to keep older workers stay with their organizations. First of all, as older employees may have devoted to the companies for long time, it is necessary that the firms have a database of information about them such as their expectations and their opinion [Patrickson and Ranzjin 2005]. Although the elderly worker may not be able to acquire new knowledge as quickly as the younger generation do, ageing workers can still be retrained. In reality, according to Burke and Ng [2006], younger employees are likely to be disloyal and can quickly change their jobs because of their desire to grow higher in their career’s â€Å"ladder†. Meanwhile, older workers are possibly worth training as they will continue to contribute to the firms after they are trained. Furthermore, the employment of ageing workers with the aim to train other employees is probably a common but useful HR management strategy. For small and medium firms, this strategy which is also referred to as â€Å"on – the – job training (OJT)† will ensure that the transfer of experience and knowledge from the former generation to the new employees [Beaver and Hutchings 2005 p9]. This allows managers to not only utilize the experience of ageing workforce but at the same time reducing the cost of training new employees. Finally, since the problem of health is the major reason why older workers decide to retire, managers should take actions in order to improve workers’ well – being. For example, it was explained that the improvement in working condition to prevent occupational illnesses as well as a better assistance for workers who have health problems can increase the working age of the workforce [Ilmarinen 2006]. Conclusion Human resource is the most important key in maintaining productivity in a company in particular and in an economy in general. That is why employers and government is putting effort into encouraging people to remain at work as long as they can by introducing certain policies and incentives such as guarantying the health care, welfare, extra-education as well as increasing the role of labor union. Furthermore, within an organization, managers are responsible to create an equal opportunity during recruiting process for all workers regardless of age as well as the experience of the employee. It is necessary for human resource department to manage and sustain the balance in company’s workforce which ultimately will bring out the potential for future success. References BEAVER G and HUTCHINGS K [2005] â€Å"Training and developing an age diverse workforce in small medium enterprises: The need for a strategic approach† Education and Training Vol. 47 Issue 8/9 pp 592 – 604 BURKE R and NG E [2006] â€Å"The changing nature of work and organizations: implications for human resource management† Human Resource Management Review Vol. 6 Issue 2 June pp 86 – 94 FED: Australia Faces Shortage Of 100,000 Tradespeople, says MBA. [1 June]. AAP General News Wire,1. Retrieved March 29 2011, from Academic Research Library. [Document ID:  847581101] GEOK, POK and NOI [2002] â€Å"The employment of mature and older workers: Strategies for managing work and career transitions† The Asian Business Case Centre 13th September ILMARINEM J [2006] â€Å" The ageing workforce—challenges for occupational health† Occupational Medicine Vol. 56 Issue 6 September pp 362 -364 PARLIAMENT OF AUSTRALIA [2005] â€Å"Australia’s ageing workforce† Parliament Library Vol. No 35 7th March PATRICKSON M and RANZJIN R [2005] â€Å"Workforce ageing: the challenges for 21st century management† International Journal of Organisational Behaviour Vol. 10 Issue 4 pp 729 -739 PRICE R and COLLEY L [2007] â€Å"Assessing HR strategies for retaining an ageing workforce† In: 15th International Employment Relations Association Conference: Working Lives, Working Choices England QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT [2005] â€Å"Valuing older workers† The State of Queensland, Department of Industrial Relations, Queensland AUSTRALIA BEREAU OF STATISTICS http://www. bs. gov. au/ausstats/[emailprotected] nsf/Products/3235. 0~2009~Main+Features~Main+Features? OpenDocument#PARALINK0 [accessed 17th March 2011] http://www. abs. gov. au/auss tats/[emailprotected] nsf/mf/3306. 0. 55. 001 [accessed 17th March 2011] AUSTRALIA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH AND WELFARE http://www. aihw. gov. au/publication-detail/? id=6442472399 [accessed 20th March 2011] HANNAH E [2009] Shortfall of 1. 4m workers threatens pension age, http://www. theaustralian. com. u/politics/shortfall-of-14m-workers-threatens-pension-age/story-e6frgczf-1225798395249 [accessed 31st March 2011] HUDSON [2004] The ageing population: Implications for the Australian Workforce, http://au. hudson. com/documents/emp_au_Whitepaper_ageism. pdf [accessed 01st April 2011] LESSER E Addressing the challenges of an aging workforce, A Human capital perspective for firm operating in Asia Pacific, http://wenku. baidu. com/view/636175707fd5360cba1adbc7. html [accessed 31st March 2011] NSW BUSINESS CHAMBER â€Å"The benefits of an ageing workforce† http://www. nswbusinesschamber. om. au/? content=/channels/Training_and_apprenticeships/Training_and_apprenticeships/Skills_shortag e/the_benefits_of_an_ageing_workforce. xml [accessed 23rd March 2011] SHACKLOCK K and SHACKLOCK A [2005] The aging workforce: Ethical implications for HRM Practitioners, http://www98. griffith. edu. au/dspace/bitstream/10072/2881/1/29406_1. pdf [accessed 20th March 2011] SPOEHN J and BARNETT K [2008] Aging nation, Aging workforce – challenges of aged care provision in 21th century, http://www. sapo. org. au/binary/binary8383/AISR. pdf [accessed 20th March 2011]

Diversity Rates in Mercer County, West Virginia

Advocacy Activities

Advocacy Activities Introduction Advocacy refers to actions that articulate in favor of, advocate, contend for a cause, and implore on behalf of others. It is a continuous process whose objective is changing outlooks, actions, principles and laws. This is done by impacting people and corporations with power, procedures and frameworks at distinct levels for the improvement of people affected matters of poverty. Advocacy activities entail a current, actual action on the part of vigorous, nonprofit groups’ worldwide.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advocacy Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is used to achieve sustainable transformation. It is also used to eliminate structural sources of poverty so as to promote larger parts of the society through program pursuits. Advocacy actions are based on reinforcing and empowering unfortunate and marginalized associations or persons. Advocacy work trains communities via shared enc ounters, examples learnt and illustrates what actions function best. This enables the community members to carry out fantastic developmental activities in their society (Strolovitch 322). Discussion An advocacy activity that will be discussed in my situation is based on a program on the radio and television. This advocacy activity is aimed at reinforcing the comprehension of and concentration given to justifications and obligations associated with HIV/AIDS. It offers a forum for supporters and policy makers to engage into conversations and debate present issues in the community. To ensure that the community has participated in advocacy programme, they should be educated about this program, analyze their missions and objectives and then collaborate with the society. All parties entailed in this collaboration should be prepared to carry out movements and fight for change. The structure for the HIV/AIDS advocacy strategy will entail eight vital elements. This include clearly stated iss ues, well planned objectives, well assessed environment, recognized stakeholders, key messages, well chosen approaches and tools, execution plan and indicators for supervision and assessment (Ross 60). Formulation of objectives During this step, the objectives together with the expected outcomes will be defined. The advocacy objective, in this situation, is to decrease the spread of AIDS and encourage those already affected to lead a positive life. It is required that this objective states what exactly is to be changed and after how long this will be achieved. It should define whether the society needs extra resources and whether they want to develop or change a principle. The objective and its remedy should not be so wide or remote that the partners are likely to become devastated. Persons and associations are likely to join an advocacy programme if they see a high probability of success in this programme.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is beneficial to be always aware of persons and organizations that are likely to strengthen your objective. For instance, in the HIV programme, those already affected and relatives of the victims are more likely to give support. Potential hostility to the advocacy programme efforts should also be put into consideration. The objective should be stated in quantifiable terms and within an anticipated limit. A good objective of an advocacy strategy should be smart. This means that it should be precise, measurable, oriented on action, reasonable and time bound. Following formulation, the objective should be analyzed based on how it satisfies a given criterion (Strolovitch 322). Channels and Tools for Reaching the Audience The channels and tools, which will be, used for the intended audience in this HIV Programme include stakeholder evaluation, persuasion practices and media. Persuasion tools will involve urg ing, petitioning, discussions, conciliations and conflict resolutions among the people. The use of media as a tool will involve the use of press meetings, fact and background slips, media packets and radio and television shows. Stakeholder evaluation as a tool will involve the identification and categorization of the potential stakeholders. This will be done so as to know the peoples interests based on the HIV issue (Lubet 415). Results that should be expected as evidence of success In this HIV program, certain results are expected as measures of success. The percentage of total health financial plan allocated to HIV/AIDS is the first indicator. This designates the victory of advocacy in securing finances for executing the HIV programme. Another indicator is the percentage contribution of the authority, the private sector and society in the HIV programme. This designates success of advocacy in acquiring national dedication to addressing HIV issues. Contribution of the sector of heal th budget to be paid for the HIV/AIDS programme is the last indicator. This designates the significance attached to the enhancement of behavior change for health amongst the public (Selby 302). Advocacy M E Part Advocacy is interrelated with communication for societal modification as a way of building the capability of the civil community. This is achieved by supporting the community to deal with and challenge present principles and practices that result to poverty and unfairness. HIV in this case leads to poverty. It should be made certain knowledge of and dedication among policymakers, programme administrators, staff and other shareholders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advocacy Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The countrywide HIV communication plan involves a HIV ME interaction and advocacy strategy. ME is clearly referenced in nationwide HIV principles and the countrywide strategic policy. ME suppo rters are recognized among officials of high degree. This dynamically approves ME actions. Advocacy actions are executed based on the HIV ME advocacy strategy. ME tools are available to a different audience and reinforce information sharing and utilization. It is, therefore, indispensable to set straight ME, generate an encouraging ME culture, and decrease any adverse implications of ME. A consultation and advocacy plan for ME can assist to attain these objectives. The plan should be multi dimensional, with personalized messages for varying audiences. National ME technique is not for the authority alone. It is helpful to all stakeholders in the HIV retort. ME promotes transparency and requires an open environment to function sufficiently. The plan of communication and advocacy in a nations HIV strategy should be incorporated to make sure that ME is utilized in all HIV works (Ross 106). Conclusion The module definition of advocacy is a standardized, and a universal concept since advo cacy is best perceived to strengthen national population and objectives of well being of the society. In every community, there are persons, societies and corporations that via their actions have made a positive impact on people’s lives. For instance, the HIV programme has had a positive impact on the community. The HIV advocacy programme has increased awareness and has suggested resolutions among the public including verdict makers, professionals, the media and the society affected. The advocacy programme in this situation has actively enhanced the prevention of the HIV transmission by involving people in its development. Advocacy is, therefore, crucial in enhancing public well being all over the world. It has been used to create concentration and improve health services. It, therefore, benefits the community by protecting the health fitness of the members (Lubet 415). Lubet, Steven. Modern trial advocacy: analysis and practice .South Bend: National Institute for Trial Advo cacy, 2004. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ross, David. Advocacy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. Selby, Hugh. Advocacy: preparation and performance. Annandale: Federation Press, 2009. Print. Strolovitch, Dara .Affirmative advocacy: race, class, and gender in interest group. .Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Print.

John M. Keynes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

John M. Keynes - Research Paper Example To Keynes, the nineteenth-century classical economics was inherently inadequate not only in eliminating national unemployment for those qualified and able to work at the prevailing wage rates, but they were also inefficient in distributing the national cake, thus creating unnecessarily the poor and uncivilized middle class (Keynes, 1963). Accordingly, he [Keynes] modeled a theoretical alternative framework, allowing governmental intervention to eliminate the faults of an economic system as they arise (Harrod, 1951). Indeed as it is, Keynes ended up with a powerful model, whose application is currently underway in sorting wide ranging practical human distress under the existing economic systems, right from the United States, a world economic leader struggling with massive deficits in the aftermath of a deadly crisis, to smaller, poor nations in the developing world. In his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (basically the heart of Keynesian economics), Keynes directed hi s energies in challenging the classical orthodoxy with an explicit analysis of what determines and what is the essential nature of effective demand within any economic system. With the exception of foreign trade, effective demand, according to Keynes, consists of three expenditure streams: household consumptions, investments, and government overheads, all of which are determined autonomously (Davidson, 2007). A realist with a strong distaste for the Panglossian philosophy, Keynes argued that the level of aggregate demand may well outstrip or fall way below the national physical production capacity. As such, the philosophy of automatic adjustment to produce at a level tending to the full employment of all available productive resource was a flawed economic assumption that might not be realized after all, for ‘In the long-run we are all dead', a fundamental theoretical shocker to the traditional economic optimism regardless of the circumstances, however strenuous (Davidson, 2007 , p. 15). In his own words, Keynes notes that: The optimism of traditional economics, which looks at economists as Candides, who, even though left critical analysis for other duties [cultivation their gardens], still teach â€Å"all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds† provides us with a false hope. For sure, there would be a natural tendency towards the full employment in a Society which was functioning in the manner of the classical postulates. It may be that they [the classical theorists] provided a representation of how we would want our Economy to behave. Nonetheless, assuming the Economy operates so only means assuming national difficulties. (1936, pp. 33–4) Nothing could be further from the truth; whether in the traditional or modern times, governments are voted in to decisively tackle the existing social deficiencies. With arguments that went against the old Say’s law supply creating demand, Keynes maintained that a government has the poss ibilities of stimulating the economy by increasing the aggregate demand, thereby arousing the existing firms to respond by utilizing the available unemployed

All Museums Should Be Free Of Charge All The Time Essay

All Museums Should Be Free Of Charge All The Time - Essay Example Museums are repositories of knowledge and through them, we discover and find out important aspects of our civilization. Free access to museums would help a greater number of people to learn and discover additional things about their country and help to encourage feelings of nationwide unity and identity, at the same time as promoting greater comprehension and acceptance of foreign cultures. A number of museums in the United States have made an entry for the public free of charge. These museums generally use the city and county tax collections for funding their maintenance. The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore has eliminated entry charges. Since it has an internationally renowned collection of art, the removal of admission charges would bring a greater number of people in contact with the culture of the world. The museum has a collection of a variety of world art spanning from pre-dynastic Egypt to Europe belonging to the twentieth century. It treasures a priceless collection of Greek sculptures and Roman sarcophagi; ivories of the Middle Ages and Old Master paintings; jewelry from Art Deco and nineteenth-century American and European masterpieces (Smith; The Walters Art Museum). The Toledo Art Museum in Ohio follows a free admission policy laid down in its charter of 1901, the year of its establishment. It has a huge collection of European and American paintings, glass works, Roman, Greek, Asian, African and medieval art and sculptures as well as modern and contemporary works. The Toledo Museum of Art still remains as a private, non-profit foundation and exhibits its collection to the public, free of admission charges and is open six days a week (Museum Home). The St. Louis Art Museum also guarantees free entries to the museum. This policy came up after they started using the county and city tax revenue in 1971.

Leisure Time Essay Example for Free

Leisure Time Essay In the mid-1800s Americans started to receive a lot of extra time in their hand and had more time to do fun activities. Businesses declining working hours was a major reason for the rise of leisure time but what also had a huge impact was installation of the electric lighting in the city’s streets which made Americans have more time to perform activities at later hours (Lund). So what did Americans decide to do with this time? The recommendation of physical exercise as a way to relive of all the stress raised the importance of physical actives and to also attend spectator sports became part of the leisure activities in the United States. Vaudeville, dance halls, and motion pictures became popular, while new modes of travel allowed Americans to go visit the mountains, seaside resorts and county fairs (Lund). To begin with after the Civil War, the popularity of sports as leisure activities grew as people began to see the importance of exercise to health. While initially only the wealthy could take part in most sporting events because the middle and lower classes couldn’t afford most of the activities .The opening of public available gymnasiums, courts, and fields allowed the middle class to participate in those activities as well (Lund). Athletic clubs such as the New York Athletic Club were organized and the YMCAs began to institute sports programs. These programs mostly focused on track and field events, introduced by communities of European descent, and gymnastics, heavily influenced by German athletics. Gymnasiums, which included exercises using Indian clubs, wooden rings, and dumbbells, were opened in many Eastern cities which helped expand exercise. Also With the extra time Americans gained American sought out to find new ways to keep themselves occupied and entertained. Americans began to seek out new ways to distract themselves so they started to experiment in making new activities to do. As a result of Americans seeking for a new past time they invented Americas greatest past time today, baseball. Different types of Baseball have been played throughout time and before the 1800s but the rise of the sport didn’t come until after the civil war (Bluett). While at war the soldiers had a lot of extra time in their hands the soldiers from New York introduced the game to their comrades from their camps and soon the game also spread to other camps over the north and south. It was said that because of this baseball expanded from the north to the south baseball was recognized more after the civil war ended. After all the soldiers from the camps were taught how to play, they went back home and introduced their sport to their families and friends which helped expand they name of the game (Bluett). In 1870 the first professional team were founded but didn’t last for more than five years. In 1876 the first major professional league that was formed was the National league of baseball clubs which still exist today. Another sport that was created by Americans in the 19th century which they invented to perform as a leisure activity was Basketball. The game was created from the mind of James Naismith in 1891, while he was an instructor at the School for Christian Workers, later called the International YMCA Training School, in Springfield, Massachusetts (McComb). The YMCA was an international organization that focused on the idea that physical as well as religious training was important for humans. Naismith had graduated from McGill University, and after leaving a Presbyterian seminary jo ined the YMCA school in Massachusetts. When he arrived the director of the YMCA name Luther asked Naismith if he could design an interesting indoor sport for physical activity in a gymnasiums Americans can exercise while having fun in the winter when it was cold and couldn’t be outside (McComb). He thought that people were bored of just working out with weights and running around without a purpose. James considered the thought of throwing a ball into a box, like the warm-up exercise he had used when he played rugby but only this time the box was ten feet up and had to dribble the ball (McComb). The game was a success Americans all over the country were playing it and it even expanded internationally. In the 1880s women didn’t really perform any  sports but after they were introduced with basketball they were so fascinated that it became one of women’s favorite sport in the 1880s. Furthermore although men performed the majority of sports activities around the 19th century. Opportunities for women beg an to appear as the century ended. Some of the most popular sports for women in the 19 century were basketball and lawn tennis. Also by the end of the century schools began to offer even more sports activities for females, such as gymnastics and basketball. One of the most popular sports for women was basketball. Girls and womens basketball flourished in the early years of the game. Two days after the invention of basketball, some female teachers who had heard the shouts of players coming from the gym, asked Naismith to instruct them (Woolum). Naismith did so and the women became very fund of the sport. In 1892 after the women new the game better the YMCA hosted the first tournament for women (Woolum). The game for women spread and they even got to play in college, in 1896 the first intercollegiate game was played in Berkeley between the University of California and Stanford. No male spectators were allowed at the Berkeley match because it was considered improper for male viewers to attend (Woolum). Also the other sport the women were very fund of was lawn tennis. Mary Ewing Outerbridge has been credited with introducing lawn tennis to the United States in 1874. When she went to Bermuda she watched as British Army officers were hitting a rubber ball with spoon-shaped paddles strung with catgut across an outstretched net. Fascinated by the game, Outerbridge brought a box of the tennis equipment with her and returned to New York (Woolum). When she got home she introduced the game to her friends and family. The game rapidly got popular and became very popular not just with women but with men as well and rapidly spread throughout the Northeast as a favorite national pastime (Woolum). In addition Americans didn’t just past their times with sports they also enjoyed other activities like attending vaudeville shows. Within cities, people attended vaudeville shows which would include many acts. The vaudeville shows were usually watched by the middle class, the shows often ran for many hours so the people could come and go whenever they wanted (Ushistory). In the Vaudeville shows the viewers could enjoy a performance consisting of Shakespeare plays, acrobatics, singing, dancing, and comedy (Lund). Vaudeville shows weren’t just for entertaining they also talked  about economic and ethnic situations. Other popular shows of the time included circuses and Wild West shows, one of the most famous plays was Buffalo Bill Codys by William F. Motion pictures also served as entertainment during leisure time for urban audiences. Initially the movies were originalities in kinescope viewers, until they became acts in their own right on the vaudeville stage. As motion pictures became longer, they moved into storefront Nickelodeon theaters and then into even larger theaters (Lund). Finally another activity Americans did as for their leisure time was to go on vacations. Some people wished to go further afield on their vacations and leave the city now that they invented a new way to travel faster which was by trains (Ushistory). Many with limited budgets went to the countryside or the beaches which mostly included the lower and middle class. Towards the late nineteenth century resorts opened in the outskirts of cities, such as the beach area of Asbury Park in New Jersey which was founded in 1870 (Lund). Amusement parks opened in places like Coney Island in New York was founded in 1897.the Park offering rides, fun houses, and scenes from foreign life, and the latest technological breakthroughs, such as motion pictu res. National parks were created by the federal government to preserve nature and many began to tour these areas on vacation (Lund). One such example was Yellowstone Park where people camped or stayed at the hotels, the park was built there in the late 1880s. Worlds fairs and expositions held in different U.S. cities offered Americans a chance to tour the world in one place. The fairs celebrated progress and featured exhibits of science and technology, foreign villages, shows, rides and vendors. The first major one was the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876 (Lund). All in all Americans in the 19th century performed a large variety of activities for their leisure time. Men performed many different physical activities especially when clubs like the YMCA was introduced which helped more Americans become more active, also American performed sports like baseball and basketball in their leisure time. In the late 19th century even women were starting to take place in the sports and other activates. Another major activity Americans did for leisure time was to go to vaudeville shows which had all sorts of acts from Shakespeare plays to comedy acts. Finally after traveling was easier Americans started to go on vacations outside the city and go to resorts and world fairs for their leisure time. Bibliography 1. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awlhtml/awlleis.html a. Leisure after the civil war b. Lund, Karen C. America at Work / America at Leisure, 1894-1915. America at Work / America at Leisure, 1894-1915. Memory.loc.gov, 01 June 2000. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. 2. http://www.pacivilwartrails.com/stories/tales/baseball-and-the-civil-war a. Baseball and the civil war b. Bluett, Terry. Baseball and the Civil War. Welcome to the Pennsylvania Civil War Trails. Civil War Trails, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. 3. http://www.elibrary.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=searchdictionaryClick=onsecondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=1edition=ts=FA9DBE62F456E22634A15DC6F7B76C44_1385528175587start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B171337845 a. The Great Spectator Sports of North America b. McComb, David G. ELibrary: Login. ELibrary: Login. Proquest, 01 Dec. 1998. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. 4. http://www.ushistory.org/us/39b.asp a. Leisure time b. Ushistory.org. 39b. Sports and Leisure. Sports and Leisure [ushistory.org]. U.S. History Online Textbook, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. 5. http://www.elibrary.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=searchdictionaryClick=onsecondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=3edition=ts=FA9DBE62F456E22634A15DC6F7B76C44_1385528175587start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B28013995 a. Women in America sports b. Woolum, Janet. ELibrary: Login. ELibrary: Login. Elibrary, 05 Aug. 1992.

Prayer in Schools :: Religion Faith Beliefs Essays

Prayer in Schools Recently the U.S. Supreme Court announced that it would not hear the appeals of a case banning the traditional dinner prayer before the meal at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). The court decided not to hear this appeal mainly due to procedural rules regarding the retirement of the school’s former superintendent before the case, but two of the justices, Rehnquist and Scalia, felt that the case needed to be tried in order to make a determination regarding prayer in universities, especially those with military affiliation (Biskupic 3A). Unfortunately, they did not have the required number of justices to carry the case to the court, but those outside of the court system do not have such restrictions upon their decision regarding organized prayer in universities. They can make their own decisions on what to believe. One must change the general opinion of the people in order to find resolution of this issue so they in turn can prompt a revision to the Constitut ion. This may be the only true solution to clarify this problem and this revision will need the support of the public in order to succeed. Prayers and other religious elements in government will be the focus of this revision. Those who would act to ban these prayers have made the mistake of misinterpreting the original intent of the framers of the Constitution regarding the First Amendment, they have misunderstood what it means to rank among those who call themselves an adult American, and have failed to comprehend the complexities of military training. The Constitution fails to ban prayer in government run areas with conscientious Americans under the special circumstances involved with military affiliated educational institutions. The people in favor of the ban on organized prayer in colleges make the claim that the 1st Amendment makes it unconstitutional. In order to make this claim, one must analyze the text of the amendment and the history behind the original intent of the Constitutions framers. The text of the amendment contains the following concerning religion, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Constitution). This amendment should rightfully be interpreted as meaning that Congress does not have the power to regulate the religious institutions or prevent anyone from practicing their own religion.

Rise of Modern Drama

The Rise Of Modern Drama It is known as one of theatre's greatest periods today. The modern drama period is shaped by world-changing forces, such as industrial-technological revolution, democratic revolutions, and an intellectual revolution that would disrupt earlier conceptions of time, space, the divine, human psychology, and social order. As a result, a theatre of challenge and experimentation emerged.Realism, the movement with the most pervasive and long-lived effect on modern theatre, was conceived as a laboratory in which the ills of society, familial problems, and the nature of relationships could be â€Å"objectively† presented for the judgment of impartial observers. Its goal, of likeness to life, demanded that settings resemble their prescribed locales precisely and seem like rooms from real life in which one wall have been removed. Related article: What Led to the Rise of Political Parties in the 1790sHenrik Ibsen, a playwright, initiated the realistic period with plays focused on contemporary, day-to-day themes that skillfully reveal both sides of a conflict through brilliantly capturing psychological detail. An independent but concurrent movement, naturalism, would be an even more extreme attempt to dramatize human reality without the appearance of dramaturgical shaping. While realist plays would address well-defined social issues, naturalist plays offered a simple â€Å"slice of life† free from dramatic convention.With the same reverence for nature, the human being was conceived as a mere biological phenomenon whose behavior was determined by heredity and environment. A counterforce to realism, initiated by symbolism, began in the late nineteenth century that would expand into what might be called antirealism theatre. Symbolism would contest realism's apparent spiritual bankruptcy with a form that wou ld explore, through images and metaphors, the inner realities of human experience that cannot be directly perceived.A focus on traditional aesthetic values, such as poetry, imagery, and profundity would reflect the importance of purity of vision over observation, abstraction and enlargement over the mundane and ordinary. The movement spread quickly and affected every aspect of theatrical production. Symbolism's contestation of realism gave rise to an era of â€Å"isms,† during which the aesthetics of dramatic art assumed a new social and political significance.Such â€Å"isms† became, in time, used consciously as stylization in new dramatic formats. Such antirealistic theatre does not discard reality but enhances it with symbol and metaphor, elucidates parable and allegory, deconstructs and reconstructs subjects through language, scenery, and lighting, and finally uses the theatre's own theatricality explicitly. Briefly examining eleven of these movements makes the div erse qualities and perspectives within naturalism theatre apparent.From the emotional and â€Å"irrational† perspectives of Theatre of Cruelty to the rational and thought-provoking nature of Intellectual Comedy, pre-World War II naturalism approaches such as Expressionism, Theatricalism, and the French Avant-Garde challenged and extended the limits of theatrical art. Through redefining the importance and function of language, extending the concept of character to include abstract forces or archetypes, reconstructing stage imagery through metaphoric scenery and lighting, and exploring themes often tinged with anxiety, such isms and stylizations have created much of the theatrical language used on today's stages.Following World War II, the modern Theatre would introduce new theatre practices and reawaken theatre's sense of social responsibility, while the Theatre of the Absurd would express the futility of all action and pointlessness of all direction. Philosophical Melodrama a ccepted the Absurd's premise that humans are alone in a silent universe, but takes it as a challenge to creating an effective life.The Comedy of Contemporary Manners would unmask the ridiculousness of social convention, while Political Satire ruthlessly reveals the hypocrisies and exploitations of political and economic systems within a comedic and often highly stylized framework. The Case Study uses, most often, medical problems as a perspective for philosophical investigations, frequently taking the audience into and back out of the â€Å"patient's† experience. By contrast, the ostensible realism of Surrealism is actually suffused with a menacing obscurity and mythic symbolism that seeks out

Safely Viewing Solar Eclipses

Solar eclipses are among the most dramatic celestial events anyone can witness. They give people a chance to witness parts of the Suns atmosphere they otherwise never get to see. However, looking directly at the Sun can be hazardous and viewing solar eclipses should only be done with safety measures firmly in place. Its worth taking the time to learn how to view these spectacular events without harming ones eyes. For many people, theyre a rare event and worth taking the time to understand how to view safely.   Why Take Precautions? The most important thing to remember about solar eclipses is that looking directly at the Sun at any time is unsafe, including during most eclipses. It is only safe to do so during the few brief seconds or minutes of a total  solar eclipse  when the Moon blocks the light from the Sun. At any other time, viewers need to take extreme precautions to save their eyesight. Partial eclipses, annular eclipses and the partial phase of a total eclipse are never safe to view directly without taking precautions. Even when most of the Sun is obscured during the partial phase of a total solar eclipse, the portion that is still in sight is very bright and can not be viewed without eye protection. Failure to use appropriate filtration may result in permanent eye damage or blindness.   Safe Ways to Gaze One safe method of viewing a solar eclipse is to use a Pinhole Projector. These devices use  a small hole to project an upside-down image of the Sun onto a screen located a half-meter or more beyond the opening. A similar view can be created by interlacing the fingers of both hands and allowing the light to shine through to the ground below. Its also very safe to direct the Sun through the large end of an amateur-type telescope and allow it to project out  of the eyepiece onto a white wall or piece of paper. NEVER LOOK THROUGH THE TELESCOPE unless it has a filter, however!   Filters Never use a telescope to look at the sun without a proper filter. This is especially important if someone is using a telescope to photograph the event. Both eyes AND cameras can be harmed without proper filters attached. Filters can also be used to look directly at the sun, but use caution. People can use welders goggles with a rating of 14 or higher, but no one should use them to look through binoculars or a telescope. Some telescope and camera manufacturers sell metal-coated filters that are safe for viewing the Sun. There are also specialty glasses which can be purchased for eclipse viewing. These can often be found advertised in astronomy and science magazines. People have often remarked that  looking at the Sun through a CD is safe. Its not. NO  one should even think about doing so. Its important to stick to products that are marked safe for eclipse viewing. Its important to always be careful when using filters, glasses, or pinhole projection during the partial phases of a total eclipse. People should  only look for a moment before looking away. Tiny holes in the filters can still subject a persons eyes to possible damage if viewed for extended periods.   How to View During Totality   The moments during a total eclipse when the Moon is completely obstructing the Sun are the only safe times that people can look directly at an eclipse without eye protection. Totality can be very short, only a few seconds up to a few minutes. At the beginning and end of totality, the last stray rays of the Sun can cause some harm, so its best to keep the eye protection in place until the so-called diamond ring has flashed. Thats the last bit of sunlight passing between the peaks of the lunar mountains. Once the Moon moves completely in front of the Sun, then its safe to remove eye protection.   Close to the end of totality, another diamond ring appears. Thats a great signal that its time to put the eye protection back on. It means the Sun will soon be slipping back into view, in all its fiery fury.   Misconceptions about Eclipses Every time theres a solar eclipse, wild tales start to circulate about them. Some of those stories are based on superstitions. Others are based on a lack of understanding of eclipses. For example, some schools locked their children inside during eclipses because school administrators were afraid that harmful rays from the Sun would hurt the students. There is nothing about sunbeams that make them different during an eclipse. Theyre the same sunbeams that shine all the time from our star. Of course, teachers and administrators should allow kids to view an eclipse, but that means they need to be trained in safety procedures. During the total eclipse of August 2017, some teachers were too afraid to learn the procedures, and stories did circulate of kids being forbidden to witness one of these amazing sights. A little scientific understanding would have gone a long way toward providing a wonderful experience for the kids who were in the path of totality.  The most important things to r emember are to learn about eclipses, learn to view safely, and above all — enjoy the view!   Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.